On the contrary, it is strengthening thanks to the involvement of the state governments across the country in creating sophisticated state-of-the-art infrastructure in centres like Guwahati, Ranchi, Kerala and now Goa. All Right Reserved. Follow India. The peer to peer connection used in the site exposes you to cyber criminals since it enables them to easily gain access to your connection and confiscate you in the process.
All you have to do is simply download the TOR Browser app and use it to access the PrivateBay since it promises the concealment of your IP address as you visit the site. However, the TOR options has been losing popularity lately since its prone to leaking information to Google as you browse.
The PirateBay administrators, despite the relentless efforts by various state governments to ban them, still manage to keep the site running and accessible globally by use of the VPNs. Even if Private Bay is still available in your country, a VPN connection is quite mandatory when using the site.
This is simply due to the fact that peer to peer connection is not entirely secure, since it allows other uses to be in a position to access your connection. This may in turn expose you to all sorts of malicious cyber attacks such as hacking and Denial of Service DoS attacks. Again, currently due to governmental authorities tracking them, you might be redirected severally as an aim to prevent their location from being exposed- a factor that may lead you to malicious sites planning on exploiting such situations.
Well, as we all know now, access to the Pirate Bay is more of illegal than legal per say. Basically, this means third parties- especially governmental authorities, can track your IP address and fish you out for using a rather blocked site to face legal action. Again, the simple fact that the site uses peer 2 peer connection, makes it quite prudent to use VPN connections to access the site.
One of the major reasons the NordVPN makes it to the top of the list is simply the fact that The Pirate Bay recommends the network, as easily viewed from their homepage. Having been in the run for so long, with even the most elite security agencies being constantly on their tail, you have to admit that their choices have to be quite informed.
This VPN connection offers a bit encryption and even possesses a kill switch that can be activated by following a certain set process. Despite the fact that its possession of quite a larger number of servers could result to some decline in the internet speeds, the NordVPN connections are quite fast. The NordVPN allows for up to 6 simultaneous connections, possessing over servers across over 62 countries globally. With more than servers across 94 countries, the ExpressVPN allows users to register anonymously by use of a disposable email address and Bit coin.
However, none of this information can be used to track your IP address. In fact, the ExpressVPN really has a keen eye for privacy and security. It comes with a bit encryption for protection of the network traffic and also offers iPv6 leak and DNS leak protection. Still unsure with the VPNs outlined above? Well, the CyberGhost might be the one for you. The CyberGhost boasts over servers across 90 countries, offering high speeds and customer friendly services globally.
With CyberGhost, you are allowed up to 7 simultaneous connections, making it quite unique compared to other VPN connections.
What makes the CyberGhost great for downloading torrents is the fact that its kill-switch is always on, thus guaranteeing protection every time you are on the internet browsing. Additionally, there are few features to check out to ensure you reap the most from this site. Even though the PrivateBay does include mechanisms to ensure that the content being shared is spam-free and appropriate, people are always bound to post something malicious.
Such content may include viruses or even inappropriate content other than the one requested. To be on the safe side, always keep in mind that you never know exactly what you are downloading. To prevent their location from being identified by the numerous legal authorities looking to put them behind bars for encouraging copyright violations, the PirateBay admins have imposed several website redirects. However, these redirects may turn out to be a problem for the user.
First of all, no one really loves going through a myriad of sites before finally reaching the desired site for downloads- though this may be dismissed as just a small price, considering you are downloading your content for free.
The main issue comes in on the security of these redirected sites. There is the undeniable fact that these sites may be collecting your personal information by using your IP address. Additionally, you face the dangers of malicious attacks such as viruses and Denial of Service attacks in case you come across one of these sites. Ensuring that you are using a secure connection while using the Pirate bay cannot be stressed enough. Well, not unless you want to find yourself getting a warning or even suffering legal consequences.
To counteract these potential dangers outlined above, using a VPN connection is simply the answer. The PrivateBay added this feature to keep you updated on what is hot at the moment, so click on one of these to have a new viewing experience. You never know what may come of it. Again, The PrivateBay seems to be really working hard to ensure you are absolutely hooked to the site. With the recent list feature- you can easily view the shows, movies and songs that have been recently added to the Private Bay site.
This way, the site keeps you updated on the newest content in the market. As a movie, song or gaming enthusiast- you will definitely love this feature. Generally, while using the Pirate Bay, always remember to view it as a risky site- hence consequently take adequate measures to ensure your safety.
Unauthorized file access and sharing, as well as money lost from these hardworking actors due to the free file access all contribute to the negative attention that the site has been gaining lately from legal authorities globally. This may in turn leave you exposed to all sorts of malicious cyber attacks such as hacking and Denial of Service DoS attacks. ThePirateBay is a site that uses Bit Torrent protocol to allow users to access and contribute torrent files and magnetic links for large file sharing and electronic games.
The matter of the legality of PrivateBay access is largely confused with that of torrenting. Some countries have banned access to the PrivateBay, while others do not forbid their citizens from accessing the site. While accessing the PirateBay free download services, there are indeed potential risks to your safety and identity. Some of these risks even attract a potential legal penalty. Here are the two major ones:. You never know the nature of content you are downloading from peers while using the PirateBay site.
Some of these material may be user generated content while some may have violated copyright infringement laws stipulated for the specific files. Getting caught with copyrighted content might attract hefty fines and punishment, depending on your state laws.
Since the PrivateBay site does not possess absolute control of the content, you might come across content that may contain malicious viruses. Named after PiratByran, a Swedish anti-copyright organization, the PirateBay was created by Swedish developers in Since then, the PirateBay has expanded globally, boasting thousands of servers and tons of content. However, their success- which lies entirely on the fact that their movie, song and electronic game downloads are absolutely free- eventually attracted lots of negative interest from state authorities.
After taking the Swedish for a wild goes chase for quite a long time, the original Private Bay developers were actually caught and convicted on charges of propagating copyright infringement crimes.
Apparently, this is not the major reason Pirate Bay accepts donations. In fact, you might have used the site for years and not even know about this donation feature since they are quite relaxed about it. Click and access The Pirate Bay. Still working! The donations can be made to various wallet addresses displayed at the bottom of the screen every time you access the Pirate Bay in search of content.
It only makes too much sense to ensure that you do not possess any hardware or offices while working on the run- a concept that the PirateBay administrators have exercised to the fullest. This cloud based architecture is actually one of the major reasons why the PrivateBay has continued to exist, despite being banned and receiving numerous warnings by several states across the globe.
Cloud based servers enable the administrators to easily hide their identities, hence safeguarding them from being reprimanded by anti-copyright infringement authorities. Well, unlike other torrenting sites available out there, thePirateBay is among the few- if any- that has a secure search system.
Due to this, you can be sure of your security and privacy every time you click on the search box to look for a file on the site. Again, the search system is pretty fast, enabling you to quickly gain results from your searches. Perhaps, one of the main reasons that prompted the Pirate Bay to include this feature is to ensure security of its users from the preying eyes of third parties- especially legal anti-copyright infringement agencies that may be tracking user IP addresses.
All in all, as it stands- the PrivateBay is here to stay- with users across the globe still flocking the site to grab a few free movies and song copies. What are torrents? How does Private Bay work? How to use Pirate bay Step 1. Access the site Step 2. Search Step 3. Download the torrent Step 4. Open the downloaded file Step 5. Moral disengagement was positively associated with both the disinhibition and the four aggressive traits.
Disinhibition was positively associated with the four aggressive traits as well. When controlled for gender, moral disengagement, anger, and hostility wholly mediated the relationship between VVGE and aggression, but the moderation effect of disinhibition was not significant. These findings support the framework of GAM and indicate that moral disengagement, anger, and hostility may be the factors that increase the risk of a higher level of aggression following repeated exposure to violent video games.
According to the China gaming industry report from January to June , the top two games for sales in the mobile video games market were Action Role Playing Game Furthermore, the report showed that Many games of such genres e. The effects of violent video games have been a societal concern since the birth of the industry and have attracted much attention from researchers. A large body of research has found that violent video game exposure VVGE is associated with increased aggression among individuals at various ages e.
Also, some research has examined the pathways in the associations between VVGE and aggression; for instance, mediators such as hostile attribution bias, aggressive norms, and dehumanization e. To the best of our knowledge, however, there have been few studies that have examined simultaneously the underlying mechanisms of the link between VVGE and aggression from the perspectives of social cognition i.
Such a comprehensive study could help to develop interventions to reduce the relation between VVGE and aggressive behaviors from a theoretical perspective. For example, most research in this area has found that violent video games increase aggressive thoughts, angry feelings, physiological arousal, and aggressive behaviors, and decrease empathic feelings and helping behaviors e. In addition, some research in cognitive neuroscience has provided neuroimaging support for these effects e.
How does VVGE affect individual aggression? GAM consists of two major systems: personality development distal processes and social encounters proximate processes. The proximate processes explain individual episodes of aggression using three stages, that is, personal and situational inputs influence internal states cognition, affect, and arousal , which in turn affect appraisal and decision processes, which in turn influence aggressive and nonaggressive behavioral outcomes.
Each cycle of the proximate processes serves as a learning trail that creates aggressive knowledge structures after many repetitions. Distal processes detail how biological and persistent environmental factors influence personality through changes in knowledge structures aggressive beliefs and attitudes, aggressive perceptual schemata, aggressive expectation schemata, aggressive behavioral scripts, and aggression desensitization and brain structure and function.
In general, individuals have their own moral standards that inhibit them from engaging in immoral conduct Bandura, , but these standards can be deactivated selectively through eight moral disengagement mechanisms Bandura, Thus, an individual's moral disengagement mechanisms may be exerted when they commit aggressive acts.
Previous research has supported the moral disengagement theory that moral disengagement mechanisms can make individuals reconstruct aggression cognitively; thus aggression is more likely to occur Bandura et al.
Moreover, longitudinal studies have found that initial moral disengagement can predict later aggression among adolescents e. Moral disengagement is not only a powerful predictor of aggression but also a product of VVGE.
As mentioned above, moral disengagement may be a potential mediator in the relationship between VVGE and aggression. Richmond and Wilson found that the relationship between violent media exposure frequency and aggression was mediated wholly by moral disengagement. Teng et al.
Our research aimed to further test the role of moral disengagement in the relationship between VVGE and aggression among college students. Based on the literature reviewed above, it is reasonable to expect that moral disengagement would play a mediating role in the relationship. Thus we propose the following hypothesis:. Research has explored the relationship between VVGE, anger, hostility, aggression, as follows. But according to GAM, anger, and hostility may also be potential mediators.
Therefore, according to GAM, anger, and hostility may be potential mediators. Thus, we propose the following hypothesis:. According to the GAM, the interactive dynamics of personal and situational i. VVGE factors, of biological and environmental i.
VVGE factors will influence an individual's aggressive behaviors. Sensation seeking is defined by the seeking of varied, novel, complex and intense sensations and experiences, and the willingness to take physical, social, legal and financial risks for the sake of such experiences Zuckerman, However, Bisch and Lee found that the interaction effect between violent video games and sensation seeking was not significant.
It may be that particular dimensions are the main factors in the effect of sensation seeking as a moderator.
Disinhibition represents the desire for social and sexual disinhibition as expressed in social drinking, partying, and variety in sexual partners Zuckerman, Consequently, it seems that disinhibition is the main factor in the moderation of the relationship between VVGE and aggression via sensation seeking. However, although research has identified sensation seeking as a moderator in the relationship between violent media use and aggression, some studies have not found this effect with regard to VVGE.
Given the findings cited above, it is reasonable to deduce that the disinhibition dimension may play a different role in the relationship between VVGE and aggression. H3 : Disinhibition will moderate the relationship between violent video games exposure and aggression. The aims of the present study were twofold: first, we aimed to examine the mediating effect of moral disengagement, anger, and hostility in the relationship between VVGE and aggression among college students.
Second, we aimed to examine whether disinhibition dimension of sensation seeking plays a role as a moderator between VVGE and aggression. These two questions can address the mechanisms of both mediation i. The present study used convenient cluster sampling technology to recruit college students from five universities in China as participants, based on the accessibility. We recovered surveys, and among them were valid responses excluding incomplete surveys and false answers.
The final sample included males and females. The average rating of the video games was used as the overall index of the VVGE. And participants who never played video games were given a VVGE score of one. The higher the score is, the higher the level of VVGE will be. The MDS was used to measure moral disengagement Bandura et al. The scale includes 32 items divided into eight mechanisms: moral justification, euphemistic language, advantageous comparison, displacement of responsibility, diffusion of responsibility, distorting consequences, attribution of blame, and dehumanization.
The present study used the physical aggression and verbal aggression subscales to assess the trait aggressive behavior, and anger and hostility subscales to access the trait anger and trait hostility. Higher scores indicate higher aggression trait, respectively. Participants choose one statement from two options that best describes them and receive one point for each choice that corresponds to sensation seeking.
The study used the disinhibition subscale to measure disinhibition; higher disinhibition scores represent higher disinhibition tendencies. Before the investigation, all participants were told that the study was being conducted anonymously and that their information would remain confidential. We then obtained informed consent and participants completed the questionnaires, guided by trained researchers.
All the participants were voluntary and they were free to withdraw from the study at any time. Descriptive statistics, gender differences, correlation analysis, and regression analysis of main variables were conducted using SPSS Cl containing zero indicated significant effects.
The test showed that there were 36 factors with eigenvalues greater than one, which together explained Therefore, the common method bias was not problematic in this study. VVGE was positively associated with moral disengagement, disinhibition, and the four aggressive traits, which were positively correlated with each other. Disinhibition was positively associated with the four aggressive traits. Gender, as a covariate in subsequent analyses, was positively associated with every variable except trait anger.
In the model, VVGE was entered as the predictor, moral disengagement, anger, and hostility as the mediators, aggressive behavior the composite of physical aggression and verbal aggression as the outcome variable, and gender was included as a covariate. The mediation effects of moral disengagement 0.
Moral disengagement, anger, and hostility accounted for Moral disengagement, anger, and hostility wholly mediated the relationship between VVGE and aggression with Testing the mediation effect of violent video games exposure on aggression standardized coefficient.
The direct effect and the mediation effect of moral disengagement, anger, and hostility. Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; ab, the mediation effect. The relationship between VVGE, moral disengagement, anger, hostility, and aggressive behavior. VVGE, violent video games exposure. Testing the moderation effect of violent video games on aggression standardized coefficient. Consistent with H1, our study found that moral disengagement played a mediating role in the relationship between VVGE and aggression, suggesting that college students with high levels of VVGE are more likely to use moral disengagement mechanisms, further resulting in enhanced aggressive behavior trait.
This finding is consistent with the research of Teng et al. The result also adds support for the GAM by the indication that VVGE influences an individual's internal state of cognition—specifically, the cognitive predisposition of moral disengagement Bandura et al. Each of the separate links in the mediation model is noteworthy. VVGE was positively associated with moral disengagement, the first stage of the mediation process, and this result is consistent with previous research e.
Moral disengagement was positively associated with aggressive tendencies, the second stage of the mediation process, and this adds support for previous research e. Bandura's moral disengagement theory proposes that the eight moral disengagement mechanisms can encourage individuals to reconstruct aggression cognitively e. Shu, Gino, and Bazerman suggest that moral disengagement influences anticipatory guilt reactions, prosocial tendencies, and cognitive and affective reactions; effects that are conducive to immoral or antisocial behavior, such as aggression.
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